Prevalensi Gangguan Serum Elektrolit pada Anak Usia Bawah Lima Tahun dengan Gizi Buruk di Rumah Sakit Ngoerah

I Gusti Lanang Sidiartha, I Gusti Ayu Putu Eka Pratiwi, Wega Upendra Sindhughosa, I Gusti Ayu Dian Noviyani Sidiartha

Sari


Latar belakang. Gizi buruk pada anak bawah lima tahun (balita) masih menjadi beban di negara berkembang. Anak balita gizi buruk perlu menjalani pemeriksaan lengkap secara klinis dan laboratoris untuk mengidentifikasi ada tidaknya tanda bahaya atau komplikasinya.
Tujuan. Untuk mengetahui prevalens gangguan serum elektrolit anak balita dengan gizi buruk dan karakteristiknya.
Metode. Penetilian retrospektif dengan rancangan cross-sectional menggunakan data rekam medis pasien. Kriteria gizi buruk adalah berat menurut panjang atau tinggi badan < -3 SD menurut standar WHO. Hubungan antara variabel diuji dengan uji chi-square.
Hasil. Jumlah pasien yang memenuhi kriteria adalah 94 pasien, terdiri dari 56 laki (59,6%) dan 38 perempuan (40,4%), 22,3% usia dibawah 6 bulan dan 77,7% usia 6 bulan keatas. Prevalensi hiponatremia, hipokalemia, hipokalsemia dan hipokloridemia masing-masing 64,9%, 26,6%, 52,1% dan 60,6%. Gangguan elektrolit kalium signifikans lebih tinggi pada usia dibawah 6 bulan (p=0,011), sedangkan gangguan elektrolit kalsium signifikans lebih tinggi pada usia 6-59 bulan (p=042).
Kesimpulan. Anak balita dengan gizi buruk mayoritas mengalami hiponatremia dan hipokalsemia. Gangguan kalium signifikans lebih tinggi pada anak gizi buruk usia dibawah 6 bulan, sedangkan gangguan kalsium signifikans lebih tinggi pada usia 6-59 bulan.


Kata Kunci


hipokalemia; hipokalsemia; hiponatremia

Teks Lengkap:

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Referensi


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp26.6.2025.364-9

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