Pendampingan Asuhan Nutrisi Balita dengan Epilepsi di Era Pandemi COVID-19 Secara Daring: Uji Klinis Acak Terkontrol
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Latar belakang. Anak epilepsi berisiko mengalami malnutrisi, keterlambatan perkembangan, dan defisiensi vitamin D akibat obat anti-epilepsi. Pandemi COVID-19 membatasi kunjungan ke dokter sehingga menghambat pemantauan pertumbuhan anak epilepsi. Pemantauan jarak jauh dapat membantu asuhan nutrisi optimal selama pandemi..
Tujuan. Mengevaluasi efektivitas pendampingan asuhan nutrisi pediatrik melalui WhatsApp pada balita epilepsi.
Metode. Penelitian multisenter dimulai Maret 2021 pada pasien epilepsi (6 bulan - 5 tahun). Kelompok intervensi mendapat pendampingan asuhan nutrisi melalui WhatsApp selama 3 bulan, sementara kelompok kontrol tidak. Sebelum intervensi, subjek diberikan edukasi melalui webinar, pemeriksaan anemia defisiensi besi dan vitamin D 25-OH.
Hasil. Sebanyak 73 subjek direkrut dan 69 subjek mengikuti penelitian sampai selesai. Defisiensi/insufisiensi vitamin D didapatkan pada 35,6% subjek. Oral nutrition supplement merupakan saran intervensi terbanyak (23,1%). Meski WhatsApp tidak signifikan untuk perbaikan status gizi, 84,2% orangtua melihat manfaatnya dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan mengatasi masalah nutrisi. Meskipun beberapa memerlukan nutrisi enteral dan kunjungan tatap muka, dampak positif WhatsApp terlihat dalam meningkatkan pemahaman orangtua.
Kesimpulan. Asuhan nutrisi anak epilepsi dapat ditingkatkan melalui pendampingan WhatsApp di masa pandemi. Beberapa intervensi memerlukan konsultasi tatap muka, tetapi kombinasi supervisi daring dan kunjungan tatap muka dapat menjadi alternatif setelah pandemi, mengatasi kendala jarak dan mobilitas dalam memberikan asuhan nutrisi.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp25.4.2023.221-30
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