Peran Nitrogen Oksida pada Infeksi
Sari
Nitrogen oksida (NO) merupakan molekul kimia reaktif, disintesis dari L-Arginin dengan
bantuan NO synthase (NOS) dan ko-faktor. Aktifitas biologis NO terbatas dekat tempat
biosintesisnya, karena waktu paruh yang singkat. Nitrogen oksida menyebabkan relaksasi
otot polos, menghambat agregasi dan adhesi trombosit, serta menghambat proliferasi
sel. Otot polos yang dipengaruhi ialah otot polos vaskular, traktus respiratorius,
gastrointestinal, dan uterus. Relaksasi otot polos vaskular terjadi setelah sintesis sel endotel
vaskular, sedangkan yang non vaskular melalui perannya sebagai neurotransmiter non
adrenergik non kolinergik.
Dalam proses imunologis, NO dihasilkan oleh sel yang terpapar infeksi. Meliputi sel
makrofag, sel neutrofil, sel Kupffer, sel hepatosit, sel astrosit dan mikroglial, sel kondrosit,
sel otot polos vaskular, dan sel otot jantung. Pada keadaan infeksi Nitrogen oksida
disintesis dalam jumlah besar. Nitrogen oksida yang dihasilkan bersifat sitotoksik terhadap
sel target, mikroorganisme patogen, dan juga pada sel tubuh normal. Inhibitor enzim
NOS dan guanilat siklase bisa mengatasi sepsis, tetapi harus diberikan dini sebelum
terjadi syok septik berkepanjangan. Inhibitor tersebut meliputi: deksametason, L-NAME,
metilin blue, yomogin, aminoguanidin, econazol, dan indometasin. Nitrogen oksida juga
berperan menimbulkan kerusakan jaringan dan organ akibat terapi reoksigenasi pada
syok septik yang mengalami hipoksia.
Kata Kunci
Teks Lengkap:
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp2.2.2000.113-9
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